System of proactive control of reactive power flows in distributed electrical grids
Keywords:
advanced control, power distribution system, reactive power sources, optimization, , losses, voltage qualitySynopsis
The paper solves the urgent problem of improving the methods and means of optimizing reactive power flows in distribution grids with significant daily volatility in the generation and consumption of electricity. The object of research is the process of automated control of a set of reactive power sources (RPS) in distribution electrical grids (DEG). Coordination of their operation will contribute to the reduction of electricity losses in the DEG and improve the voltage quality. Based on the results of the analysis of modern trends in the construction of RPS control systems, the expediency of decentralization using local automatic control systems (ACS) is substantiated.
The operational determination of the optimal powers of the RPS and the calculation of the corresponding settings of local ACS are associated with objective difficulties. The study proposes a formalization of the problem of optimizing reactive power flows in DEG and a new way to solve it. It is shown that the problem can be reduced to the determination and periodic correction of the settings of local systems of automatic control of the RPS. The latter, by adjusting the energy flows according to local parameters, taking into account the specified settings, contribute to the achievement of the overall effect of reducing losses and stabilizing the voltage in the DEG. The proposed method contributes to a reasonable simplification and increase in the reliability of the distributed control system for reactive power flows in the DEG, taking into account technical limitations.
To solve the problem, the principle of advancing control, the method of "ideal" current distribution (according to power losses) was applied. Using the model of "ideal" current distribution, the problem of nonlinear optimization of reactive power flows in the DEG was reduced to a fundamentally simpler problem of finding current distribution in a step-by-step circuit with active resistances. To determine the time intervals between the adjustment of local ACS, it is proposed to analyze the correlation between the predictive graph of the optimal power of an individual RPS and local energy consumption based on the Pearson coefficient.
A block diagram and algorithms for the operation of the control system for the set of RPSs are proposed, which provide a minimum of computational operations and data exchange operations. At the same time, a response is provided to changes in the consumption and generation of electricity in the conditions of short-term failures of information systems. This contributes to improving the quality of operation of energy distribution systems in modern conditions.
References
Ramsami, P., Ah King, R. T. F. (2021). Dynamic Distribution Network Reconfiguration for Distributed Generation Integration: A Systematic Review. 2021 IEEE 2nd China International Youth Conference on Electrical Engineering (CIYCEE). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ciycee53554.2021.9676972
Sahay, S., Samal, S., Nayak, S., Barik, P. K., Soni, R. K., Pradhan, A. (2022). Risks in an Active Distribution Network: A Review of the Literature. 2022 4th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/icssit53264.2022.9716295
Ibrahim, I. A., Hossain, M. J. (2021). Low Voltage Distribution Networks Modeling and Unbalanced (Optimal) Power Flow: A Comprehensive Review. IEEE Access, 9, 143026–143084. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120803
Kulyk, V., Burykin, O., Pirnyak, V. (2017). Optimization of the placement of reactive power sources in the electric grid based on modeling of its ideal modes. Technology Audit and Production Reserves, 2 (1 (40)), 59–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2018.129237
Becker, W., Hable, M., Malsch, M., Stieger, T., Sommerwerk, F. (2017). Reactive power management by distribution system operators concept and experience. CIRED – Open Access Proceedings Journal, 2017 (1), 2509–2512. doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0347
Hinz, F., Most, D. (2018). Techno-Economic Evaluation of 110 kV Grid Reactive Power Support for the Transmission Grid. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 33 (5), 4809–4818. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2816899
Zecchino, A., Marinelli, M., Træholt, C., Korpås, M. (2017). Guidelines for distribution system operators on reactive power provision by electric vehicles in low-voltage grids. CIRED – Open Access Proceedings Journal, 2017 (1), 1787–1791. doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0377
Narayan, S. R. (2003). Solved Nonlinear Optimization Problems in Optimization Principles: Practical Applications to the Operation and Markets of the Electric Power Industry. New-York: Wiley-IEEE Press, 245–295.
Wang, L., Yang, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, D., Huang, Y., Li, W., Shi, B. (2022). Research on Coordinated Reactive Power and Voltage Control Strategy for Regional Power Grids with High Penetration of Renewable Energy. 2022 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power System Asia (I&CPS Asia), 1160–1165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/icpsasia55496.2022.9949876
Singh, P., Purey, P., Titare, L. S., Choube, S. C. (2017). Optimal reactive power dispatch for enhancement of static voltage stability using jaya algorithm. 2017 International Conference on Information, Communication, Instrumentation and Control (ICICIC). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/icomicon.2017.8279044
Wong, K. P., Li, A., Law, T. M. Y. (1999). Advanced, constrained, genetic algorithm load flow method. IEE Proceedings – Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 146 (6), 609–618. doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:19990638
Yin, S., Wu, L., Song, W., Wang, X. (2017). Multi-objective reactive power optimisation approach for the isolated grid of new energy clusters connected to VSC-HVDC. The Journal of Engineering, 2017 (13), 1024–1028. doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2017.0484
Khan, S., Bahadoorsingh, S., Rampersad, R., Sharma, C., Powell, C. (2018). Reactive power planning combining the reduced jacobian V-Q and voltage sensitivity indices on the sub-transmission network of a caribbean island power system. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpec.2018.8312097
Kyrylenko, O. V., Seheda, M. S., Butkevych, O. F., Mazur, T. A. (2010). Matematychne modeliuvannia v elektroenerhetytsi. Lviv: Natsionalnyi universytet "Lvivska politekhnika", 608.
Idehen, I., Abraham, S., Gregory, Murphy, V. (2018). Reactive power and voltage control in a power grid: A game-theoretic approach. 2018 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpec.2018.8312103
Liang, C. H., Chung, C. Y., Wong, K. P., Duan, X. Z. (2007). Parallel Optimal Reactive Power Flow Based on Cooperative Co-Evolutionary Differential Evolution and Power System Decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 22 (1), 249–257. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2006.887889
Dehkordi, B. M. (2006). Optimal Voltage and Reactive Power Control Based on Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm. 2006 International Conference on Power Electronic, Drives and Energy Systems. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/pedes.2006.344226
Choi, J., Lee, K. Y. (2022). Genetic Algorithm for Generation Expansion Planning and Reactive Power Planning. Probabilistic Power System Expansion Planning with Renewable Energy Resources and Energy Storage Systems, 177–202. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119819042.ch10
Dai, C., Chen, W., Zhu, Y., Zhang, X. (2009). Seeker Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 24 (3), 1218–1231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2021226
Saebi, J., Ghasemi, H., Afsharnia, S., Rajabi Mashhadi, H. (2012). Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for reactive power dispatch problem in electricity markets. 20th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE2012), 433–437. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/iraniancee.2012.6292397
Mahesh, V., Deepeeha, J. R., Kamaraj, N. (2013). Reactive power dispatch and its pricing in re-structured electricity markets. 2013 International Conference on Power, Energy and Control (ICPEC), 377–381. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/icpec.2013.6527685
Qingfu Zhang, Hui Li. (2007). MOEA/D: A Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 11 (6), 712–731. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2007.892759
Zhou, B., Chan, K. W., Yu, T., Wei, H., Tang, J. (2014). Strength Pareto Multigroup Search Optimizer for Multiobjective Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10 (2), 1012–1022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2014.2310634
Etehad, M. M., Siahkali, H. (2017). Multi-objective optimization of reactive power dispatch in power systems via SPMGSO algorithm. 2017 Smart Grid Conference (SGC). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/sgc.2017.8308868
Bhattacharjee, T., Chakraborty, A. K. (2012). Congestion management in a deregulated power system using NSGAII. 2012 IEEE Fifth Power India Conference. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/poweri.2012.6479529
Man-Im, A., Ongsakul, W., Singh, J. G., Boonchuay, C. (2015). Multi-objective optimal power flow using stochastic weight trade-off chaotic NSPSO. 2015 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies – Asia (ISGT ASIA). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt-asia.2015.7387120
Kulyk, V., Burykin, O., Juliya, M., Viktor, P. (2018). Optimization of Reactive Energy Flows in the Electric Grid Taking Into Account Allowable Voltage Fluctuations. 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Energy and Power Systems (IEPS). Kharkiv, 265–270. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ieps.2018.8559542
Procopiou, A. T., Ochoa, L. F. (2017). Voltage Control in PV-Rich LV Networks Without Remote Monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 32 (2), 1224–1236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2016.2591063
Liu, Y., Xia, W. B., Zheng, S., Wang, K., Wu, P., Fang, S. (2017). A semi-definite programming approach for solving optimal reactive power reserve dispatch. 2017 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2017.8309019
Poliak, D. (2022). Review of Least Action Principle in Electromagnetics Part I: Derivation of Continuity Equation and Lorentz Force. 2022 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). doi: https://doi.org/10.23919/softcom55329.2022.9911297
Lezhniuk, P. D., Kulyk, V. V., Netrebskyi, V. V., Teptia, V. V. (2014). Pryntsyp naimenshoi dii v elektrotekhnitsi ta elektroenerhetytsi. Vinnytsia: UNIVERSUM-Vinnytsia, 212.
Ibrahim, S., Cramer, A., Liu, X., Liao, Y. (2018). PV inverter reactive power control for chance-constrained distribution system performance optimisation. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 12 (5), 1089–1098. doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0484
Zhibing, W., Yang, X., Xitian, W. (2017). Coordinated control strategy of reactive power for large-scale wind power transmission by LCC-HVDC links. The Journal of Engineering, 2017 (13), 1082–1086. doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2017.0496
Jizhong, Z. (2009). Reactive Power Optimization. Optimization of Power System Operation. New-York: Wiley-IEEE Press, 409–454. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470466971.ch10
Hu, Y., Xiang, J., Peng, Y., Yang, P., Wei, W. (2018). Decentralised control for reactive power sharing using adaptive virtual impedance. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 12 (5), 1198–1205. doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1036
Wen, S., Wang, Y., Tang, Y., Xu, Y., Li, P. (2019). Proactive frequency control based on ultrashort-term power fluctuation forecasting for high renewables penetrated power systems. IET Renewable Power Generation, 13 (12), 2166–2173. doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0234
Ghiasi, M., Niknam, T., Dehghani, M., Baghaee, H. R., Wang, Z., Ghanbarian, M. M., Blaabjerg, F., Dragicevic, T. (2022). Multipurpose FCS Model Predictive Control of VSC-Based Microgrids for Islanded and Grid-Connected Operation Modes. IEEE Systems Journal, 1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2022.3215437
Kulyk, V., Burykin, O., Malogulko, J., Hrynyk, V. (2020). Anticipatory control of transit power flows from the renewable energy sources in electric power system. 2020 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS), 123–127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ess50319.2020.9160115
Pham, H. V., Ahmed, S. N. (2018). Multi-Agent based Approach for Intelligent Control of Reactive Power Injection in Transmission Systems. Dynamic Vulnerability Assessment and Intelligent Control for Sustainable Power Systems. New-York: Wiley-IEEE Press, 269–282. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119214984.ch13
Zhu, Y., Fan, Q., Liu, B., Wang, T. (2018). An Enhanced Virtual Impedance Optimization Method for Reactive Power Sharing in Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33 (12), 10390–10402. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2810249
Aquino-Lugo, A. A., Overbye, T. (2010). Agent Technologies for Control Applications in the Power Grid. 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2010.43
Adhikari, S., Li, F., Li, H. (2015). P-Q and P-V Control of Photovoltaic Generators in Distribution Systems. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6 (6), 2929–2941. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2429597
Aly, M. M., Abdel-Akher, M., Ziadi, Z., Senjyu, T. (2014). Assessment of reactive power contribution of photovoltaic energy systems on voltage profile and stability of distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 61, 665–672. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.02.040
Eid, A., Abdel-Akher, M. (2016). Voltage/var control of unbalanced distribution systems equipped with distributed single-phase PV generators. 2016 Eighteenth Interna tional Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/mepcon.2016.7836930
Li, H., Huang, Y., Lu, J. (2016). Reactive power compensation and DC link voltage control using Fuzzy-PI on grid-connected PV system with d-STATCOM. 2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 1240–1244. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2016.7779691
Kulyk, V. V., Hrytsiuk, I. V., Hrytsiuk, Yu. V. (2013). Optymalne keruvannia po-tokamy reaktyvnoi potuzhnosti v rozpodilnykh elektromerezhakh z rozo-seredzhenym heneruvanniam. Pratsi Instytutu elektrodynamiky NANU, 151–158.
Burykin, O. B., Lezhniuk, P. D., Kulyk, V. V. (2008). Vzaiemovplyv elektrychnykh merezh i system v protsesi optymalnoho keruvannia yikh rezhymamy. Vinnytsia: UNIVERSUM–Vinnytsia.
Gryniewicz-Jaworska, M., Lezhniuk, P. D., Kulyk, V. V., Netrebskiy, V. V., Duchkov, Y. V. (2018). Adaptive optimal control of electric power system operation mode on the base of least action principle. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 12 (3), 61–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/94922
Lezhniuk, P., Bondarchuk, A., Shullie, I. (2019). Investigation and implementation of the fractal properties of electric load on civilian objects in order to efficiently predict and control electrical consumption. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 3 (8 (99)), 6–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.168182
Lezhniuk, P., Kravchuk, S., Netrebskiy, V., Komar, V., Lesko, V. (2019). Forecasting Hourly Photovoltaic Generation On Day Ahead. 2019 IEEE 6th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ess.2019.8764245
Downloads
Pages
3-41
Published
December 31, 2022
Categories
Copyright (c) 2022 Andriy Polishchuk, Volodymyr Kulyk, Vira Teptya, Sviatoslav Vishnevskyi, Yurii Hrytsiuk, Iryna Hrytsiuk
Details about the available publication format: PDF
PDF
ISBN-13 (15)
978-617-7319-63-3
How to Cite
Polishchuk, A., Kulyk, V., Teptya, V., Vishnevskyi, S., Hrytsiuk, Y., & Hrytsiuk, I. (2022). System of proactive control of reactive power flows in distributed electrical grids. In ENERGY FACILITIES: MANAGEMENT AND DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS (pp. 3–41). Kharkiv: TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC. https://doi.org/10.15587/978-617-7319-63-3.ch1
