Use of Artificial Intelligence

Publisher Policy

  1. Editors and reviewers are prohibited from uploading manuscripts under review to generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools or using other AI technologies or functions that may lead to a breach of confidentiality.
  2. Editors and reviewers are prohibited from using AI tools to write comments or reports on manuscript review.
  3. The Publisher expects authors to have read the Publisher Policy on the use of AI tools, which is given below, before submitting a manuscript. When working with a manuscript, the editor draws the authors’ additional attention to the rules declared by the Publisher regarding the use of AI tools, which are given below.
  4. If authors have not properly read the rules for the use of AI tools when writing and submitting a manuscript, this does not exempt them from responsibility for the undeclared or prohibited use of AI tools.
  5. All manuscripts submitted for review are checked for the use of AI tools:
    – by the Pangram program immediately after sending the manuscript and before publication. The result of the check by the Pangram program is additionally evaluated by the editor;
    – by reviewers at the double-blind review stage.
    The Publisher reserves the right not to send authors full reports on the check for the use of AI tools.
  6. In case of detection of undeclared and/or improper use of AI tools and if such use does not exceed 25%, the Publisher sends a request to the authors for additional justification of the use of AI tools.
  7. In case of detection of undeclared and/or improper use of AI tools in the amount of more than 25%, the manuscript will be rejected.

For authors

  1. Any use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools should only be done under full human control. Authors of the manuscript should carefully review and edit the output, as AI can generate results that may be incorrect, incomplete, or biased, but appear authoritative.
  2. Any use of AI tools, including large language models (LLMs), other than grammar, spelling, and punctuation checking, should be declared in the appropriate section of the monograph or chapter of collective monograph. The declaration should include the name and version number of the AI tool(s), the part of the monograph or chapter of collective monograph or study in which the AI tool(s) was used, the purpose of using the AI tool(s), a description of the human review process, and the impact on the conclusions reached in the study.
  3. Authors of the manuscript should not list AI and AI-enabled technologies as authors or co-authors, nor should they cite AI as an author.
  4. Authors should check the terms of use of AI tools that they wish to use and be sure that the materials provided by them are used only for the purposes set by the authors and that they do not grant AI tools any other rights, including the right to learn. Authors should make sure that the result they obtained using the AI tool can be freely used by them, including for further publication within the framework of a monograph or chapter of collective monograph that will be placed in the public domain.
  5. When submitting a manuscript of monograph or chapter of collective monograph, authors should make sure that AI tools have not been used to write any of the substantive parts of the manuscript. Any undeclared, inappropriate or prohibited use of AI tools by the editors, detected at any stage of manuscript review or after publication of the monograph or chapter of collective monograph, will be considered data manipulation and may lead to refusal of acceptance for publication or withdrawal of the monograph or chapter of collective monograph after publication.
  6. When submitting a manuscript, authors must ensure that their use of AI tools does not exceed 25% of the entire monograph or chapter of collective monograph and that such use corresponds to the tasks permitted by Publisher.

Below is a table containing the main tasks that are prohibited or permitted to be performed using AI tools.

If authors have doubts about whether a method or result obtained using AI tools is permitted by the Publisher, they can contact the Publisher with this question before submitting the manuscript. In this case, a detailed description of the use of AI tools will be required.

AI use Example of using an AI tool
Allowed?
Manuscript text
Stylist editing of manuscript text Shortening sentences, adapting the manuscript text to a scientific style, etc. NO
Grammar editing Checking grammar, spelling, punctuation without changing the text YES
Translation Translating the manuscript text NO
Presenting AI-generated content as if it were original research data/results from non-machine sources Using functions, tools or technologies of AI tools aimed at adapting the text written by AI to the style of the text written by a person NO
Structured sections of the manuscript
Writing an abstract Writing, supplementing, shortening or any other actions to achieve a result in the form of generating the full or partial text of the annotation using AI tools NO
Generating ideas Creating or writing all or part of the hypothesis, goal, objectives of the study, research plan NO
Creating an introduction Creating or writing all or part of the Introduction section NO
Finding sources for a literature review Searching for sources using keywords and criteria entered by the authors, for example, only open access sources or sources from the last 5 years YES
Creating a bibliography Although searching for sources for the reference list using AI tools is allowed, the final version of the reference list must be checked by the authors, as AI can generate authoritative results that may be incorrect, incomplete or biased NO
Writing a literature review Analysis of sources found using AI tools or provided by the authors; identification of scientific novelty and gaps in the sources being analyzed; partial or complete description of the sources NO
Preliminary methodology development Generation of methodological approaches or identification of viable models for the initial proposal for further testing by the authors during the study YES
Creating and describing a methodology Creation or writing of all or part of the Materials and Methods section NO
Ethical and social analysis Creation or monitoring compliance with ethical permissions and/or confidentiality NO
Data generation and management Collection, validation, cleaning, curation, analysis, reproducibility check, organization of data NO
Describing research results Creation or writing of all or part of the Research Results section NO
Creating a discussion of the results Identification of advantages and disadvantages; comparison with results obtained by other scientists; creation or writing of limitations of the conducted study; creation or writing of the practical significance of the study; creating or writing prospects for further research NO
Creating conclusions Creating or writing all or part of the Conclusions section NO
Technical and visual components of the manuscript
Creating code Generating code for the study NO
Editing code Improving the original code that was created by the authors YES
Data visualization Visualizing the original author's data in the form of figures, graphs, diagrams or tables YES
Creating images Creating images of actual installations or samples, images from a microscope, images of the results of experimental studies NO
Editing images Darkening, moving, removing or adding a certain feature to an image or figure NO
  Adjusting brightness, contrast, color balance, size of inscriptions YES
Visualizing a graphical abstract Combining several original author's images for presentation as a graphic annotation; creating a graphic annotation based on the original author's data (for example, displaying table data in the form of diagrams) YES
Creating a graphical abstract Creating an image based on a text query without using the original author's data NO

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