Authorship Identification
- Author Identification and Contribution
Authorship identification is understood as obtaining assurances that each author of the manuscript’s authorship team has contributed to the research, in a certain part of it. In case of doubts on the part of the Publisher, which may be based, in particular, on the inconsistency of the manuscript content with the competences of one of the authors in the field of science, the sphere of scientific interests, other publications of this author, the Publisher requires the authorship team to provide additional data with the distribution of the contribution to the research and preparation of the manuscript, with a special emphasis on the contribution of the author about whom doubts have arisen.
Authorship guarantees are enshrined in the License Agreement between the Licensor (authors) and the Licensee (Publisher). The contribution of the authors must be recorded in the appropriate section of the article in accordance with Authors' contributions (Taxonomy of Author Roles).
The full list of authors’ contributions in accordance with CRediT is given below:
A. Conceptualization: Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims
B. Methodology: Development or design of methodology; creation of models
C. Software: Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components
D. Validation: Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/ reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs
E. Formal analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data
F. Investigation: Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection
G. Resources: Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools
H. Data Curation: Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse
I. Writing – original draft: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation)
J. Writing – review & editing: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre-or post-publication stages
K. Visualization: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/ data presentation
L. Supervision: Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team
M. Project administration: Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution
N. Funding acquisition: Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication
A corresponding author should be selected from the team of authors who will speak on behalf of the entire team of authors on any issues of interaction with the editorial office. He/she is responsible for ensuring that all agreements are reached regarding the Publisher's regulations regarding the conversion of the manuscript into an article and its subsequent publication, as well as at the stage after the publication of the article, if such a need arises. If there is a justified need on the part of the authors to remove or add co-authors, or to change the order of authors, such changes after submission of the manuscript are possible only with the approval of each author.
The process of identifying authorship also includes preventing the appearance of ghost authors, guest authors, and gift authors in the team of authors.
- Inadmissibility of contribution of generative AI
Generative artificial intelligence tools (hereinafter referred to as AI tools), such as Large Language Models (LLM), do not meet the criteria for authorship, because they do not have the appropriate contribution to be considered an author, and their affiliation with authorship cannot be guaranteed by signing a License Agreement. The use of AI by the authors of the manuscript must not contradict the editorial policy and must be declared in the appropriate section of the article.
This procedure is standard for starting work on the manuscript.
- Contribution of a deceased author
If one of the authors of the manuscript has died before the manuscript is submitted to the journal editorial office, his/her contribution to the research, development or writing of the manuscript, etc. should be clearly reflected in the Acknowledgements section. A deceased author cannot be included in the list of authors, since the extent of changes made to the manuscript after the death of the co-author cannot be assessed by him and it is not possible to conclude whether the absolute consent of the deceased author to the submission of the final version of the manuscript would have been obtained. In addition, the manuscript may be changed during the editorial process, namely, the authors may make changes to the substantive part of the manuscript in accordance with the comments of the editors and reviewers, which will also not be possible to agree with the deceased author.
Provided that the contribution of the deceased author is significant, the use of the work is carried out exclusively with the permission of the copyright holder or another person authorized to provide such permission, except for cases of lawful use of the work without such permission, established by the legislation of Ukraine. In this case, the deceased author may be included in the list of authors with a corresponding note about the date of his death, and the license agreement and permission to publish the final version of the manuscript (Work) are carried out by the heir.
In the event of situations that are not described above and probably not foreseen in advance, regarding the reality of authorship in this manuscript, the editorial office takes action based on the current legislation of Ukraine and the recommendations of COPE, of which the publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC is a member.
