Cattle breeding in Ukraine as one of the indicators of food security
Keywords:
products for enteral nutrition, herodietetic purpose, emergencies, elderly people, aging, metabolic activity, diabetes, raw components, approaches to classification, milk A2, hard cheeses, enriched milk A2, carrot powder, milk carotenoids, amino acids of milk, β-casein A2, biological value, cheese yield, milk proteins, functional products, multicomponent semi-finished products of a high degree of readiness, mechanism of competitiveness, concentration, drying, resource saving, film-like electronic heater of radiating type, structural and mechanical indicators, temperature field, cattle breeding, food safety, beef, quality of consumed proteinAbstract
The section of the monograph analyzes statistical data on the production of agro-industrial raw materials for the period from 1990 to 2023. It has been established that during this period the ratio between the produced products of crop production and livestock production has changed significantly. The share of livestock production does not exceed 22.7%. Animal husbandry in Ukraine, as a separate industry, is not a priority in terms of food security, and this negatively affects the consumption of animal protein by Ukrainians.
In 1990, the consumption of meat and meat products was 82.4 kg per person, which corresponded to 103% of the recommended supply rate. Out of the total share of meat and meat products consumed in 1990, beef was predominant in the diet – 46.48%, pork – 36.89%, and poultry meat – 16.63%. Over the next ten years, meat consumption decreased to only 41.1% of the norm. From 2000 to 2020, the level of consumption of meat and meat products varied from 63.75% to 69.25%, the share of beef in the total mass of meat consumed decreased to 10.2%. Beef consumption data correlates with the dynamics of changes in the cattle population.
The state of food security in Ukraine has been analyzed according to the overall value of the Global Food Security Index. According to these data, the situation with food security in the country during the war significantly worsened compared to previous years, but is not critical, in 2022, the food standards in Ukraine were provided at 70.2, the quality of consumed protein – 81.3. Unfortunately, the share of beef consumption as a source of complete protein and certain vitamins for Ukrainians is insignificant.
The reasons for the decrease in the number of livestock are analyzed. The factors that contributed to the decrease in the share of consumption of this type of meat by the population of the state have been considered. It is noted that the state of war had a negative impact on food security in Ukraine, and subsequently on the health of the nation.
FOOD PRODUCTION: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
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